First Aid for Burns and Scalds

First Aid for Burns and Scalds

Burns and scalds are injuries caused by exposure to various heat sources, including flames, hot objects, boiling fluids, chemicals, and radiation. Burns typically result from dry heat sources like fire or hot surfaces, while scalds are caused by wet heat such as boiling liquids or steam. Immediate and appropriate first aid can significantly reduce the severity of these injuries.

Here's what you need to know:

 

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

  • Inhalation of smoke, fumes, or superheated air: Seek medical advice as soon as possible if there's any sign of respiratory distress.
  • Electrical burns: These can be more serious than they appear due to potential deep tissue damage and the risk of cardiac irregularities.

What to Do (DO)

  1. Cool the Burn: Immediately flood the burn area with cold water (under a tap or hose with low pressure) for up to 20 minutes to limit tissue damage.
    • For extreme burns, ensure the water is slightly warmer to prevent shock to a badly burnt body.
  2. Remove Clothing: If no water is available, remove clothing from the burn area to prevent further injury.
    • For chemical burns, removing clothing can help stop the chemical from burning the skin further.

What Not to Do (DON’T)

  1. Don’t Peel Off Stuck Clothing: Never peel off clothing that is stuck to the skin.
  2. Don’t Use Ice: Avoid using ice or iced water to cool a burn, as it can cause further tissue damage.
  3. Avoid Lotions and Creams: Do not apply lotions, ointments, or creams to the burn area.
  4. Don’t Break Blisters: Let blisters remain intact to protect the underlying skin.
  5. Cover the Burn: If available, cover the area with a non-stick sterile dressing (or plastic wrap or a plastic bag) to protect it.
  6. Evaluate the Severity: Assess how serious the burn or scald is, and call emergency services (000) if necessary.
  7. Call the Poison Hotline: For chemical burns, contact the Poison Hotline at 13 11 26 if needed.

Seek Medical Advice If

  • The burn is larger than the casualty's palm.
  • The casualty has inhaled smoke or fumes.
  • Burns involve the hands, face, or genitals.
  • The burn was caused by lasers, microwaves, or nuclear sources.
  • Infants or children receive burns.

These guidelines provide crucial steps for initial burn care. Having a first aid kit with the necessary supplies and knowing these basic first aid steps can make a significant difference in the outcome of burn injuries. Always prioritise safety and seek professional medical help when necessary.

 

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